Monarchy Restoration

King Charles I was born at Fife in Scotland on 19th November 1600 and was the son of James VI and Anne of Denmark. His father was to create King James I in 1603 after succeeding Queen Elizabeth I to come to the potentiometer of England. At Baptism in declination 1600 Charles was created Duke of Albany and in 1605 became the Duke of York. (Carlton, Charles. 95).Charles had an elder brother named Prince henry who overshadowed Charles in every manner unfortunately he passed on when Charles was 12 years old. Charles became the heir to the throne of the 3 Kingdoms that included England, Scotland and Ireland. In 1625 he was to become the second Stuart King. It was during this period that there was immense pressure from the English Protestants for the intervention against Spain in the sacred wars that were preponderant in Europe between the Catholics and the Protestants. (Murphy, Derrick, 215)King Charles allowed the unpopular Duke of Buckingham to direct Englands fo predominate poli cy, the introduce disastrous military driveation against Spain and France. fantan tried to arraign Buckingham towards which Charles dissolved the first two. The Third Parliament force the Petition of Right to contain Charles abuse of power.During his reign he continued to suppress any sour of dissent and continued to alienate himself from the people. He rase went ahead and married Henrietta Maria a cut Catholic cause some disquiet amongst the Protestants. Against this backcloth tension went on to build up until 22 August 1642 when the gracious War broke out. The Parliament using the navy that Charles had helped equip, won capital of the United Kingdom. This forced Charles to confine up court and military at Oxford. (Carlton, Charles,143). subsequently Through Charles command, the Royalist phalanx was able to check some victories. They defeated Sir William Waller at the battle of Cropredy tie and in the summer of 1644 defeated the Earl of Essex at Lostwithiel. thus far the force was hit arguments and jealousies especially amongst the senior officers. This united by Charles indecisiveness hampered greatly the soldierys effort. Parliament/ sparing alliance formed a formidable army called the New Model Army. (Kenyon, keister & Ohlmeyer, Jane, 155).It was this army that defeated the Royalists in 1645. Charles fled Oxford in 1646 and surrendered to the Scottish army. While here he tried to exploit the divisions between the Parliamentarians and the Scots. These antics would eventually lead to the Second Civil war of 1648 where Cromwell defeated the Scots. Charles was to be captured and later on beheaded at Whitehall on 30th January 1649. (Carlton, Charles, 195).Oliver CromwellHe was born in Huntington on 25th April 1599 he is played a major role in bringng to trial and eventual execution of Charles I. He became the barely non-Royal ever to hold the position of The Lord protector of England. He rose through the ranks to become this correctly and had the most complete and most brutal army. The army was credited with the conquest over the English neighbors.He is considered to be on one of the most polemic figures in history. Some historians trip up him as the defender of the principles of liberties, and advocate of religious freedom and diversity (he inculcated the valuate for God) and others view him as a tyrant, bigot and murderer. The latter view was because left behind a legacy of massacres in Ireland. He imposed military rule. (Murphy, Derrick, 226)In 1658, Cromwell declared that his son Richard Cromwell should replace him as Lord defender Of the Commonwealth. This decision did not excite the English Army because Richard was a mere country farmer contrasted his father who was a skilful military officer. afterwards Oliver Cromwells death on 3rd folk 1658, his son succeeded him as the Lord Protector. However the army generals forced him to retire from government in may 1659.After the Restoration in 1660 Cromwells body was exhumed from the grave of Kings in Westminster Abbey and was hanged at Tyburn. (Murphy, Derrick, 225)After Richardss departure, superior general George Monk who was the army officer in channelise of the English army in Scotland marched to London in 1660 with his army and restored the House of Lords and the Parliament 1640. It was compost generally of Royalists who went ahead to restore the Monarch to Charles II, who pardoned the Parliamentary army and continued with the Commonwealths policy of religious tolerance. Puritans lost political power and would not be allowed in the House of Commons. It was during his reign that the Monarch was restored to its captain form. (Miller, John, 185).Works CitedCarlton, Charles. (1995). Charles I The personal monarch. Second edition. London Routledge.Kenyon, John & Ohlmeyer, Jane (eds.) (2000). The Civil Wars A Military news report of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1638-1660 (Oxford University Press),Miller, John (1985). Restoration England the reign of Charles II. London Longman.Murphy, Derrick, ed. (2002) Britain 1558-1689 initiatory Edition. London HarperCollins Publishers pp. 211-235